If a vaccine is to protect the intestines and other mucous membranes in the body, it also needs to be given through the mucosa, for example as a nasal spray or a liquid that is drunk. The mucosa forms ...

Scientists are uncovering how gut bacteria, diet, and new diagnostic tools are reshaping our understanding of inflammatory ...

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is home to the vocal folds and is the reason people can talk and sing while ...

A 30-year-old woman produced a single mass of gray material from her nose during a particularly forceful sneeze several hours before presenting to our clinic. She asked that the material be submitted ...

There is a strong link between pathophysiology and the human body's microbiome. Research suggests that many microbial communities regulate health, host homeostasis, disease progression, and infection ...

Biologist William K. Purves of Harvey Mudd College responds: Parietal cells in the mucosa, the inner cell layer of our digestive tract, secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach's lumen, or ...

Leukoplakia causes white patches or plaques to develop on the tongue and mucosa in the mouth. Doctors may prescribe medication to treat the condition. Mouth irritants and irritating activities, such ...

Topical treatment with live Roseomonas mucosa -- a bacterium naturally present on the skin -- was safe for adults and children with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and was associated with reduced disease ...